Baseline environmental and social studies are an essential part of any major investment, infrastructure, or construction project. These studies provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing environmental and social conditions and are fundamental for impact assessment and effective risk management.

Expert assessments are also conducted to address specific issues related to potential negative impacts on the environment and society, as well as to identify sources and pathways of such impacts.

Baseline environmental studies typically include integrated surveys and evaluations of environmental media and conditions, such as:

• Soil and subsoil;
• Bottom sediments;
• Surface and groundwater;
• Air quality;
• Flora and fauna;
• Physical fields and radiation background.

When aligned with international standards, these studies also cover:

• Landscape features and visual impacts;
• Biodiversity and ecosystem services;
• Other relevant ecological factors.

The objectives of baseline environmental studies include:

• General characterization of site conditions (e.g., geobotanical, zoological, archaeological, hydrological aspects);
• Assessment of existing pollution levels and delineation of contamination boundaries;
• Recommendations for safe handling of soils during earthworks and construction, and for biodiversity conservation;
• Development of measures to prevent, reduce, or eliminate adverse impacts of radioactive elements, pollutants, and pathogens on human health and the natural environment during project implementation.

Expert environmental assessments may also include:

• Identification of pollution sources involving hazardous substances or elements;
• Preliminary estimation of environmental damage from specific impacts;
• Consulting support in dealing with environmental complaints and liabilities.

Baseline social studies aim to provide a detailed picture of the current socio-economic context in the region where the project is to be implemented. Our experts conduct comprehensive assessments to identify both risks and opportunities, and to develop mitigation strategies for potentially affected communities. Key components include identifying affected populations and determining the most vulnerable groups.

Social baseline assessments typically involve the following methodologies:

• In-depth interviews with key stakeholders (e.g., local residents, civil society representatives, local authorities), to gain nuanced insights into the local social context;
• Expert interviews with subject matter professionals to collect informed perspectives and analyses on relevant social issues;
• Focus groups, where small groups discuss specific topics moderated by a facilitator, helping to identify diverse viewpoints.

The results of baseline studies inform key sections of project documentation, such as:

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA);
• Environmental Management Plan (EMP);
• Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) — in accordance with Russian and/or international standards and at various design stages.