Site contamination assessments are carried out in multiple stages depending on the extent and severity of contamination. This phased approach is consistent with international best practices (e.g., ASTM, ISO).

• Phase I – Visual inspection and desk review of available documentation related to the site or facility;
• Phase II – Sampling and laboratory analysis to confirm the presence and extent of contamination;
• Phase III – Delineation of contaminated zones and development of a remediation and site restoration plan.

Phase I Environmental Site Assessments (ESAs) are conducted to determine the potential presence of contaminated soils, surface water, or groundwater resulting from historical or ongoing activities. Signs of potential pollution are identified through document review, historical land use analysis, and on-site reconnaissance.

Phase II ESAs are conducted following Phase I investigations or audits, in cases where there is evidence suggesting potential soil or water contamination. The goal of Phase II is to characterize the current environmental condition of the site. The findings may be used to support transactions, financing decisions, liability assessments for investors, and the evaluation of legacy pollution.

Phase III Environmental Assessments and Remediation Planning are initiated when Phase II results confirm the presence of contamination or when pollution sources are already known. This phase involves detailed mapping of impacted areas, quantification of contaminated soils or water bodies, and the selection of the most suitable cleanup technologies. It also includes cost estimation for remediation and land restoration activities.

For both Phase II and III investigations, analytical programs are tailored to the specific characteristics of the site, taking into account typical pollutants associated with the site’s current or former industrial activities.